In addition to ordinary transmission equipped with gears, such equipment makes extensive use of the hydrostatic drive and electrical adjustable-speed drives. Transmissions are also used in agricultural, industrial, construction, mining and automotive equipment. Gearboxes have found use in a wide variety of different-often stationary-applications, such as wind turbines. However, the highest gears may be " overdrive" types that increase the output speed. In this case, most of the gear ratios (often simply called "gears") are used to slow down the output speed of the engine and increase torque. Many typical automobile transmissions include the ability to select one of several gear ratios. Some of the simplest gearboxes merely change the physical rotational direction of power transmission. A gearbox can be set up to do the opposite and provide an increase in shaft speed with a reduction of torque. This means that the output shaft of a gearbox rotates at a slower rate than the input shaft, and this reduction in speed produces a mechanical advantage, increasing torque. Most modern gearboxes are used to increase torque while reducing the speed of a prime mover output shaft (e.g. Pantigo Windmill is located on James Lane, East Hampton, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York.Įarly transmissions included the right-angle drives and other gearing in windmills, horse-powered devices, and steam engines, in support of pumping, milling, and hoisting. Interior view of Pantigo Windmill, looking up into cap from floor-cap rack, brake wheel, brake, and wallower. While a differential may also provide gear reduction, its primary purpose is to permit the wheels at either end of an axle to rotate at different speeds (essential to avoid wheel slippage on turns) as it changes the direction of rotation. The output of the transmission is transmitted via the driveshaft to one or more differentials, which drive the wheels.
In motor vehicles, the transmission generally is connected to the engine crankshaft via a flywheel or clutch or fluid coupling, partly because internal combustion engines cannot run below a particular speed.
Such engines need to operate at a relatively high rotational speed, which is inappropriate for starting, stopping, and slower travel. The most common use is in motor vehicles, where the transmission adapts the output of the internal combustion engine to the drive wheels. Often the term 5-speed transmission refers simply to the gearbox, that uses gears and gear trains to provide speed and torque block conversions from a rotating power source to another device. Automatic transmissions use a valve body to shift gears using fluid pressures in response to engine RPM, speed, and throttle input. diesel-electric transmission and hydraulic drive system). Alternative mechanisms include torque converters and power transformation (e.g. Conventional gear/belt transmissions are not the only mechanism for speed/torque adaptation. Single-ratio transmissions also exist, which simply change the speed and torque (and sometimes direction) of motor output. Directional (forward and reverse) control may also be provided.
This switching may be done manually (by the operator) or automatically (by a control unit). Often, a transmission has multiple gear ratios (or simply "gears") with the ability to switch between them as the speed varies. Transmissions are also used on pedal bicycles, fixed machines, and where different rotational speeds and torques are adapted. The transmission reduces the higher engine speed to the slower wheel speed, increasing torque in the process. In the United States the term is sometimes used in casual speech to refer more specifically to the gearbox alone, and detailed usage differs. The term transmission properly refers to the whole drivetrain, including clutch, gearbox, prop shaft (for rear-wheel drive vehicles), differential, and final drive shafts.
Propulsion transmission is the mode of transmitting and controlling propulsion power of a machine.
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